What we're doing to protect our native species against H5N1
New Zealand has never had a case of the H5N1 strain of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI), also known as bird flu. However, the H5N1 strain that is spreading around the globe could arrive here through wild birds.
The H5N1 strain of bird flu has adapted to wildlife and has caused high numbers of deaths in wild birds overseas. It can also be transmitted – referred to as 'spillover' – to mammals, including people.
Protecting our native birds and other native species is a key focus of the work to prepare for HPAI.
New Zealand has strong systems in place to ensure early detection if the H5N1 strain does arrive here. The Department of Conservation is leading work to mitigate risks to threatened species on public conservation land.
If HPAI H5N1 arrives in New Zealand and spreads in the wild bird population, it won’t be possible to eradicate it from wild birds and management options will be limited.
The focus will be on minimising spread on public conservation land through strong biosecurity practices and supporting the health and resilience of threatened bird populations through conservation work such as breeding and predator control programmes.
About avian influenza and the risk to New Zealand
Video – know what to do to help protect wildlife from bird flu (2:39)
This video outlines steps people can take to protect our native wildlife should bird flu arrive in New Zealand.
Transcript – show/hide
[Throughout this video, Mary van Andel (the Ministry for Primary Industries' chief veterinary officer) is talking directly to camera in an office setting. Wellington harbour can be seen out the window in the background, as well as a large yellow crane on a building site.]
[Music plays with birdsong in the background. A kākā is seen moving amongst some tree branches.]
"Kia ora, I’m Mary van Andel, the Ministry for Primary Industries’ Chief Veterinary Officer.
[Mary’s name and title, ‘Mary van Andel, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry for Primary Industries’ is on screen, bottom left.]
Bird flu — or high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 — has spread widely around the world but hasn’t reached New Zealand.
[The words ‘High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza H5N1’ appear on screen as Mary says these words.]
We’re getting prepared, just in case it does arrive here.
[Shot of four gulls on a large rocky outcrop in the ocean.]
In this video, I’ll share how you can help protect wild birds, especially our precious native species.
[Scene of two black stilts wading through water then a cut to takahe foraging in the grass. The scene then cuts to two albatrosses in the grass.]
[The words ‘About bird flu’ appear on screen in an orange text box.]
Overseas, bird flu has affected birds that congregate to feed and rest, or breed in colonies — like swans, geese, ducks, gulls, gannets, terns, and other shorebirds and seabirds.
[Footage is shown of two ducks sleeping in the grass, a pied shag sitting on a rock surrounded by ocean,and a small flock of seagulls congregrating on a pebbly shore. One of the seagulls is flapping its wings.]
Bird flu can also affect mammals that congregate with these birds, like seals and sealions.
[A seal is seen sunbathing on a rock next to the ocean.]
Birds of prey and mammals, including pets, can also become infected through eating sick or dead wildlife.
[A grey cat stands in the grass with a watchful expression and then a small bird is seen hopping on tree branches.]
[The words ‘Signs of bird flu in wild birds’ appear on screen in an orange text box.]
The Department of Conservation and local councils, with support from the Ministry of Health and Health NZ are already preparing for bird flu.
[A black duck is seen swimming in freshwater, followed by kākā touching beaks.]
We don’t yet know how it will impact our native wildlife, but early detection is important to help protect them.
[Footage of a tui singing in a tree and then shots of seagulls, with a blue house in the background and a runner jogging along the footpath.]
If you’re out and about, keep an eye out for wild birds showing signs of bird flu. These can include sudden death (usually of multiple birds), tremors or weakness, paralysis and having trouble breathing.
[For each bulletpoint, the corresponding words appear on screen in an orange text box.]
[The words ‘What to do’ appear on screen in an orange text box.]
While we can’t eliminate bird flu once it’s in wildlife, we can take steps to protect ourselves and to stop further transmission. Here’s how you can help and keep safe.
Don’t touch or collect dead or sick wildlife. Keep pets away from wildlife. Avoid disturbing wildlife congregating on shorelines. Clean your shoes and gear before and after visiting parks, reserves, or farms to help stop disease from spreading.
[For each bulletpoint, the corresponding words appear on screen in an orange text box.]
Some birds do recover and may develop immunity. That’s why it’s important to leave sick birds alone and reduce stress or disturbance around them.
[A sleepy duck is sitting on the grass.]
Sick or dead birds can carry other diseases that cause illness in humans – not just bird flu.
[A blackbird standing on the leafy ground walks out of shot.]
If you see three or more sick or dead wild birds in a group, please report it to MPI’s pest and disease hotline on 0800 80 99 66.
[The 0800 number pops up on screen in an orange text box.]
Together, we can help protect New Zealand’s wildlife.
[A saddleback is shown perched on a tree branch. The bird flies out of shot.]
Thank you for doing your part.
[The words ‘For more information, visit www.mpi.govt.nz/bird-flu’ appear on screen in an orange text box.].
[End screen of ‘Bird flu be ready’ branding, which has two dark orange feathers on a light orange background with the website address and Ministry for Primary Industries and New Zealand Government logos at the bottom.]
[End transcript]
Vaccine trial to protect threatened species
For a few species, using vaccination might be an effective tool during outbreaks to protect a core breeding population and prevent species extinction.
The Department of Conservation (DOC) has carried out a safety and efficacy trial on small numbers of 5 native bird species using Poulvac Flufend H5N3, a vaccine that can protect against HPAI H5N1.
MPI approved the vaccine trial, which was conducted by DOC veterinarians under strictly controlled conditions. The vaccine used contains inactivated (dead) virus, meaning it can't cause infections with avian influenza.
The species involved in the trial were kakī (black stilt), takahē, kākāpō, tūturuatu (shore plover) and the red-crowned kākāriki (as a surrogate species for kākāriki karaka/orange-fronted parakeet).
Up to 10 birds from each species were given 2 doses of the vaccine one month apart, followed by regular health assessments and blood tests to monitor their health and development of antibodies.
The study found the vaccine was safe and effective. None of the birds showed any adverse reactions to the vaccine, and the birds had a strong antibody response lasting 6 months for 4 species and 3 months for kakī. MPI and DOC are working on a broader vaccination plan for the 5 species and potentially others that might also benefit from vaccination if H5N1 reaches Aotearoa.
Media release: DOC’s bird flu vaccine trial a success – Department of Conservation
What to do if you find sick or dead birds
The most obvious sign of HPAI is sudden death in several wild birds. Other signs can include weakness, tremors, paralysis, difficulty breathing, lack of co-ordination, blindness, trembling, and diarrhoea.
If you see 3 or more sick or dead wild birds in a group, report it immediately to the exotic pest and disease hotline on 0800 80 99 66 so we can investigate the cause. Do not handle or move the birds.
Provide as much detail as you can, including:
- a GPS reading or other precise location information
- photographs and videos of sick and dead birds
- species name and estimate of the numbers affected
- how many are sick or freshly dead, and the total number of birds present.
We will note the details and one of our specialist biosecurity investigators will assess the information and contact you.
How to report suspected bird flu [PDF, 700 KB]
Resources
Avian influenza – World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)
Avian influenza and other wildlife diseases – Department of Conservation (DOC)
Guidance for dealing with sick or dead birds during an HPAI H5N1 outbreak (Wildlife) [PDF, 1.4 MB]