Download AEBR 375 Overview of Ecological Effects of Aquaculture

This document provides an update to the 2013 Overview of Ecological Effects of Aquaculture. It focuses on areas where there have been significant increases in understanding or new developments since the original overview was published.

Since 2013, New Zealand’s aquaculture industry has expanded and diversified, including increased interest in offshore farming and emerging species. Research over the past decade has improved understanding of aquaculture effects on water quality, seabed habitats, marine mammals, seabirds, wild fish, biosecurity and hydrodynamic processes. Advances in monitoring tools, modelling approaches and industry guidelines have also strengthened the ability to predict, monitor and manage environmental effects through adaptive management approaches. Despite these advances, important knowledge gaps remain, particularly in relation to open ocean aquaculture, climate change interactions and emerging industries.

This updated Overview also recognises increasing interest in restorative aquaculture, where farming activities may provide environmental benefits alongside food production. Shellfish and seaweed farming, for example, may contribute to habitat creation, nutrient cycling and water filtration in some environments. Overall, the ecological effects of aquaculture are highly site-specific and influenced by farm design, scale, location and management practices, highlighting the importance of careful planning, monitoring and ongoing research to support sustainable aquaculture development in New Zealand.